
Abstract. Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARTI) is an infectious disease that affects the respiratory tract, ranging from the nose (nasopharynx) to the lungs (alveoli), and is generally caused by viruses such as rhinovirus or bacteria such as Streptococcus pyogenes. The prevalence of Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARTI) is very high, particularly among children under five years of age and other vulnerable populations, with data indicating that the overall prevalence can reach up to 59.1% in certain areas. The number of ARTI cases in Indonesia continues to increase significantly each year, influenced by environmental factors such as high population density, poor nutritional status, smoking habits, and inadequate household sanitation. The impact of this disease is extensive, ranging from a decline in quality of life due to disturbing symptoms such as sore throat and cough, to economic burdens in the form of increased absenteeism from work or school, which can exceed 21%. As part of complementary pharmacotherapy, Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is widely used due to its strong immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. The therapeutic mechanism involves its main active compound, andrographolide, which is capable of inhibiting viral replication and reducing systemic inflammatory responses. The use of this plant in clinical practice has been proven effective in alleviating various non-specific ARTI symptoms as well as mild COVID-19, including relief of headache and loss of smell. Sambiloto can be administered in various dosage forms, ranging from standardized extract capsules with a daily dose of 60–180 mg of andrographolide to local applications such as sprays, which help minimize systemic side effects while maintaining patient comfort. Overall, Sambiloto offers a safe and effective alternative therapy for reducing the duration and severity of respiratory tract infections. Abstrak. Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan penyakit infeksi yang menyerang saluran pernapasan, mulai dari hidung (nasofaring) hingga paru-paru (alveoli), yang umumnya disebabkan oleh virus seperti rhinovirus atau bakteri seperti Streptococcus pyogenes. Prevalensi Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) sangat tinggi, terutama pada anak balita dan kelompok rentan, dengan data menunjukkan prevalensi keseluruhan bisa mencapai 59,1% di area tertentu. Angka kasus ISPA di Indonesia terus meningkat secara signifikan setiap tahunnya, dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan seperti kepadatan penduduk, status gizi yang buruk, kebiasaan merokok, serta kondisi sanitasi rumah yang tidak memadai. Dampak dari penyakit ini sangat luas, mulai dari penurunan kualitas hidup akibat gejala yang mengganggu seperti nyeri tenggorokan dan batuk, hingga beban ekonomi berupa peningkatan angka ketidakhadiran kerja atau sekolah yang bisa mencapai lebih dari 21%. Sebagai bagian dari farmakoterapi komplementer, tanaman Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) banyak digunakan karena memiliki sifat imunomodulator, anti-inflamasi, dan antivirus yang kuat. Penjelasan mengenai mekanisme pengobatannya melibatkan senyawa aktif utama yaitu andrographolide yang mampu menghambat replikasi virus dan menurunkan respon peradangan sistemik. Penggunaan tanaman ini dalam praktik klinis telah terbukti efektif meredakan berbagai gejala ISPA non-spesifik maupun COVID-19 derajat ringan, termasuk meredakan sakit kepala dan kehilangan indra penciuman. Sambiloto dapat digunakan dalam berbagai sediaan, mulai dari kapsul ekstrak terstandar dengan dosis harian 60-180 mg andrographolide hingga penggunaan lokal dalam bentuk spray untuk meminimalkan efek samping sistemik sambil tetap memberikan kenyamanan pada pasien. Secara keseluruhan, Sambiloto menawarkan alternatif terapi yang aman dan efektif dalam mengurangi durasi serta keparahan infeksi saluran pernapasan.
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