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Imunisasi Bacille Calmette Guerin Sebagai Pencegahan Tuberkulosis: Kajian Pustaka

Authors: Regita Thaalanie Yolanda Sukoco; Nugraha Sutadipura; Nurul Romadhona;

Imunisasi Bacille Calmette Guerin Sebagai Pencegahan Tuberkulosis: Kajian Pustaka

Abstract

Abstract. Tuberculosis is the oldest infectious disease that is still a health problem in the world today. Every year, 10 million people get tuberculosis and 1.5 million people die from TB every year. A person can get TB when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or spits. Most cases and deaths occur in developing countries and infections are often acquired in childhood. Deaths in children from TB are usually caused by meningitis or disseminated disease. Generally, in TB endemic countries, children with TB are between the ages of 1–4 years. One of the controls that can be done is to carry out BCG immunization. The bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been around for 80 years and is one of the most widely used of all vaccines today. This vaccine can prevent the occurrence of TB meningitis and disseminated in children. There are several factors that affect the effectiveness of BCG immunization that can affect the success of immunization, namely quality, dose, frequency, method of administering the vaccine, differences in BCG pathways, exposure to environmental mycobacteria, helminth infections, nutritional factors, and genetics.T Abstrak. Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit menular tertua yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia hingga saat ini. Setiap tahun 10 juta orang terkena tuberkulosis dan 1,5 juta orang meninggal karena TB tiap tahun. Seseorang dapat terkena TB ketika penderita batuk, bersin atau meludah. Sebagian besar kasus dan kematian terjadi di negara berkembang dan infeksi sering didapat pada masa anak-anak. Kematian pada anak akibat TB biasanya disebabkan oleh meningitis atau penyakit diseminata. Umumnya di negara endemik TB anak yang terkena TB diantara usia 1–4 tahun. Salah satu pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan imunisasi BCG. Vaksin bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) telah ada selama 80 tahun dan merupakan salah satu yang paling banyak digunakan dari semua vaksin saat ini. Vaksin ini dapat mencegah terjadinya TB meningitis dan diseminata pada anak-anak. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi efektivitas imunisasi BCG yang bisa memengaruhi keberhasilan imunisasi, yaitu mutu, dosis, frekuensi, cara pemberian vaksin, perbedaan jalur BCG, paparan mikrobakteri lingkungan, infeksi cacing, faktor nutrisi, dan genetik.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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