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Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas
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Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas
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TÉCNICA DE RIEGO PARA INCREMENTAR LA EFICIENCIA DEL USO DE AGUA EN JITOMATE

Authors: Anselmo López Ordaz; Carlos Trejo López; Carlos Ramírez Ayala; Cecilia Beatriz Peña Valdivia; Leonardo Tijerina Chávez; José Alfredo Carrillo Salazar;

TÉCNICA DE RIEGO PARA INCREMENTAR LA EFICIENCIA DEL USO DE AGUA EN JITOMATE

Abstract

El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar en condiciones de hidroponía e invernadero, el efecto de dos niveles de humedad aprovechable del sustrato en plantas de jitomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.), mediante la técnica de riego secado parcial de la raíz (SPR). Para ello se evaluaron variables fisiológicas (materia seca de hoja, tallo, raíz y fruto, relaciones hídricas, intercambio de gases, rendimiento), calidad de fruto (firmeza, sólidos solubles totales, pH y conductividad eléctrica), y la eficiencia del uso de agua. El experimento se estableció en Lomas de San Esteban, Texcoco, Estado de México, en 2006. Las plantas crecieron en contenedores de volumen homogéneo, con tezontle, la raíz se dividió en dos partes, y se aplicaron dos tratamientos de humedad aprovechable (HA) residual en el sustrato, testigo: 80%≤ HA≤ 100% y 80%≤ HA≤ 100% y SPR: 80%≤ HA≤ 100% y 30%≤ HA≤ 100%. Estos tratamientos se iniciaron 28 días después del transplante y se mantuvieron hasta el final del experimento. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que el tratamiento SPR mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas (p≤ 0.05), respecto al testigo, en relación con la tasa de fijación de CO2 (SPR, 17.67 y testigo 9.23 μmol m-2 s-1) a 86 días de haber iniciado los tratamientos (DDIT), volumen evapotranspirado por planta durante todo el experimento (SPR 186.7 L y testigo 229 L), la calidad de fruto incrementó: firmeza 25%, los sólidos solubles totales 13% y la conductividad eléctrica 13%, respecto al testigo; y la eficiencia en el uso del agua (EUA) con base en la materia seca incrementó 29% y EUA instantánea fue de 57, 61 y casi 100%, respecto al testigo, a los 65, 80 y 86 DDIT respectivamente, sin afectar el rendimiento (SPR 363.2 g y testigo 345.8 g) y el potencial total del agua (SPR -0.54 y testigo -0.57; SPR -0.46 y testigo -0.55 MPa), a los 79 y 118 DDIT respectivamente.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
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