The application study of triboelectric and electrostatic effects, with roots tracing back hundreds of years, has continued to evolve and develop in industrial production, science, technology, and other fields. Numerous methods have been proposed for the preparation and processing of triboelectric materials, resulting in significant advancements in their charge density and application range. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the application progress of the triboelectric effect. It begins by summarizing the fundamental theoretical mechanism of triboelectrification. Subsequently, a detailed review of various applications related to triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction is conducted, encompassing electrostatic adsorption, electret formation, electrostatic self-assembly, triboelectric generator, self-powered sensor, and mechanical force catalysis. Furthermore, different triboelectric materials and their preparation and modification methods are also explored in accordance with different application scenarios. Finally, this paper discusses the future development prospects and challenges associated with the triboelectric effect. It also emphasizes the necessity for further research and development in specific fields, offering valuable insights for future scientific research and practical implementation.