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Journal of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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Rotator Cuff Injury: Pathogenesis, Biomechanics, and Repair

Authors: Pallavi, Sripathi; Devendra K, Agrawal;

Rotator Cuff Injury: Pathogenesis, Biomechanics, and Repair

Abstract

Anterior Rotator cuff tears are one of the most common surgically addressed disorders, as the tears in the tendon can affect anyone regardless of risk factors or activity level. The rotator cuff is responsible for most of the shoulder motion, hence the tendon-bone interface experiences immense stress making it incredibly prone to failure. Rotator cuff tendon tears can either occur due to trauma or natural degeneration of the rotator cuff. To help mitigate effects of high stress on the rotator cuff tendon-bone interface, the rotator cuff is intrinsically designed to redistribute stress through protective mechanisms, such as the rotator crescent or coronal-transverse force. But when the tear goes through the intrinsic protective mechanisms, the glenohumeral joint is left unstable and thus is no longer capable of its normal range of motion. Location, size, and type of rotator cuff tendon tears are the strongest indicators for interventional therapy. Surgical therapies demonstrate low success rates, as seen by the significantly high recurrence rate of rotator cuff reinjury following initial repair. This is due to extrinsically healing of rotator cuff tendons, instead of the more intrinsic healing, which causes rotator cuff tendons to not undergo the necessary biomechanical remodeling to prevent reinjury leading to a mechanically and functionally inferior healed tendon. In this article, we thoroughly discussed the underlying pathophysiology of rotator cuff tears from onset to repair to healing, demonstrating that rotator cuff tendon healing is an intrinsically flawed process, irrespective of the risk factors, occurrence of rotator cuff tears, or surgical treatment. Rotator cuff healing can only be successful if rotator cuff tendon repair surgery is augmented with biologics to promote a successful intrinsic healing environment.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
11
Top 10%
Average
Top 10%
gold