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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Research
Article . 2026 . Peer-reviewed
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https://doi.org/10.20944/prepr...
Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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Preprint . 2024
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Pre-trained Language Model for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion

Authors: Wenying Feng; Jianming Li; Zhiqiang Zhang; Angxiao Zhao; Yan Jia; Zhaoquan Gu;

Pre-trained Language Model for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been proven remarkable in natural language processing, which prompts numerous works on knowledge extraction, knowledge fusion, knowledge representation, and knowledge completion. Existing works mainly focus on static multi-relational knowledge graph (KG). Unlike static knowledge graph, temporal knowledge graph (TKG) contains temporal information and evolves over time. Learning and reasoning about the representation of temporal knowledge graph are more difficult. Training or fine-tuning LLMs for temporal graph related tasks incurs significant computational overhead and requires the design of prompts. Conducting tasks of TKG does not necessarily require such complex work. Therefore, we explore temporal knowledge graph completion (TKGC) based on pre-trained "small" language model. We propose TKG-BERT by applying BERT for temporal knowledge graph completion and classification. Specifically, We introduce three ways to model temporal knowledge in TKG-BERT: vanilla knowledge embedding (Van.), explicit time modeling (Exp.) and implicit time modeling (Imp.). TKG-BERT(Van.) only adopts static knowledge without embedding time information; TKG-BERT(Exp.) embeds timestamp in quadruple explicitly; TKG-BERT(Imp.) models time implicitly, by dividing the training set and testing set in chronological order. We conduct experiments on ICEWS14 and ICEWS05-15, which are two public temporal knowledge graph datasets. Various experiments of temporal knowledge graph completion and classification tasks show the effectiveness of pre-trained language model for TKG completion. We also compare the performance of TKG-BERT accross different time modeling way and proportion of training set.

Keywords

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Computer Science and Mathematics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
gold