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https://dx.doi.org/10.26204/kl...
Doctoral thesis . 2025
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Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy in Process Engineering

Authors: Phuong, Johnnie The;

Benchtop NMR Spectroscopy in Process Engineering

Abstract

Die Kernspinresonanz (NMR) ist eine äußerst attraktive und leistungsstarke Methode, die eine nicht-invasive Analyse komplexer Mischungen ermöglicht, ohne dass langwierige Kalibrierungsverfahren erforderlich sind. Benchtop NMR Spektrometer sind klein, robust und kostengünstig, was sie besonders für die Prozess- und Reaktionsüberwachung geeignet macht. Die geringe Magnetfeldstärke und das kleine Vormagnetisierungsvolumen dieser Spektrometer sind jedoch ein großer Nachteil, der zu geringer spektraler Auflösung, Peaküberlappung, geringen Signalintensitäten und unzureichendem Magnetisierungsaufbau in fließenden Proben führt. Infolgedessen ist die quantitative Analyse komplexer Mischungen mit der Benchtop NMR Spektroskopie nicht immer möglich. In dieser Arbeit werden diese Probleme angegangen und Methoden vorgestellt, die die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Benchtop NMR Spektroskopie in der Verfahrenstechnik erweitern. Die erste Methode ist ein modellbasierter Ansatz zur Auflösung überlappender Peaks in 1H NMR-Spektren komplexer Mehrkomponentenmischungen. Diese Methode wurde bei der Online-Überwachung einer Weinfermentation erfolgreich getestet. Die zweite Methode verwendet spezielle NMR-Pulssequenzen für den 1H-13CPolarisationstransfer und ermöglicht eine verbesserte quantitative Analyse von Mischungen, insbesondere in Strömungsexperimenten auf der Grundlage der 13C NMR Spektroskopie. Die 13C NMR Spektroskopie ist vorteilhaft, da die hohe Dispersion der chemischen Verschiebung eine Überlappung der Peaks verhindert, wenn auch auf Kosten eines geringen Signal-Rausch-Verhältnisses (SNR) und verlängerte Versuchsdauer. Die NMR-Pulssequenzen bieten eine elegante Lösung, um das 13C-Signal zu verstärken und die Versuchszeit zu verkürzen, indem die höhere Polarisation und die kurze Spin-Gitter-Relaxation der Protonen ausgenutzt werden. Die Methode wurde auch erfolgreich für die Messung von Diffusionskoeffizienten mittels NMR eingesetzt. Die dritte Methode nutzt die Hyperpolarisationstechnik Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (ODNP), um die 1H und 13C NMR-Signale deutlich zu verstärken. Dies ermöglicht den Nachweis und die Quantifizierung von Komponenten in niedrigen Konzentrationen oder bei hohen Flussgeschwindigkeiten mit nur einem einzigen Scan. Diese Methoden können auch gemeinsam angewendet werden und erweitern den NMR-Werkzeugkasten für die Verfahrenstechnik und andere Anwendungen erheblich.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a highly attractive powerful method that enables non-invasive analysis of complex mixtures without requiring tedious calibration procedures. Benchtop NMR spectrometers are small, robust, and inexpensive, which makes them especially suited for process and reaction monitoring. However, the low magnetic field strength and the small premagnetization volume of these spectrometers are major drawbacks, resulting in low spectral resolution, peak overlap, low signal intensities, and insufficient magnetization build-up in flowing liquids. As a consequence, the quantitative analysis of complex mixtures is not always possible by benchtop NMR spectroscopy. This thesis tackles these challenges and introduces methods that extend the applications of benchtop NMR spectroscopy in process engineering. The first method is a model-based approach for resolving overlapping peaks in 1H NMR spectra of complex multi-component mixtures. This method has been successfully tested by online monitoring of a wine fermentation. The second method uses dedicated NMR pulse sequences for 1H-13C polarization transfer and enables an improved quantitative analysis of mixtures in particular in flow experiments based on 13C NMR spectroscopy. 13C NMR spectroscopy is advantageous as the high chemical shift dispersion prevents peak overlap, albeit at the expense of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and extended experimental time. The NMR pulse sequences provide an elegant solution to achieve 13C signal enhancement and to shorten the experimental time by exploiting the higher polarization and favorable spin-lattice relaxation of protons. The method was also successfully applied for measuring diffusion coefficients by NMR. The third method uses the hyperpolarization technique Overhauser Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (ODNP) to significantly enhance 1H and 13C NMR signals. This enables the detection and quantification of components at low concentrations or at high flow velocities with just a single scan. These methods can also be applied together and significantly extend the NMR toolbox for process engineering and other applications.

Scientific report series / Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics; 51

Country
Germany
Related Organizations
Keywords

Benchtop NMR, Hyperpolarization, Polarization Transfer, 660, Process Engineering, Process Monitoring, ddc:660, 660 Technische Chemie, 530, NMR Spectroscopy

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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