This study provides an exploratory analysis of the current system of public sector accountability in Mongolia. Mongolia adopted a new democratic Constitution in 1992 with a special chapter devoted to the protection of human rights. Regular elections have been held and key democratic institutions have been established. However, there is a growing dissatisfaction in Mongolia due to the inability of the government to tackle core issues of development, including poverty, inequality, corruption and environmental degradation. Accountability of power holders to public is a defining feature of democracy. This study finds that the notion of accountability as understood in democratic societies is relatively new in Mongolia. Despite tremendous progress in all areas of development over the past two decades, the creation of accountability mechanisms which assist accountability of power holders to the public has been slow. A framework of three types of accountability was used in this study: political accountability, policy accountability, and procedural accountability. This study finds that i) more accountability mechanisms need to be created in order to constrain the power of parliamentary majority and the executive, ii) policy process need to take policy outcomes into account to ensure policy accountability, and iii) adoption of international and commonly recognised procedural rules and regulations needs to be completed to enhance procedural accountability. In addition, an accountability framework would enable ensuring complementary nature of different types of accountability. There needs to be an institutionalised system that reviews and ensures existence of accountability mechanisms.