A pantograph–catenary system is a critical component of railway systems, which is responsible for powering entire electrified railway networks. To ensure efficient and stable operation of electric trains, maintaining a stable current collection between the pantograph and the catenary is crucial. This doctoral research focuses on optimizing the structural design of pantograph-catenary systems to improve the current collection quality under various operating conditions. The optimization of pantograph-catenary systems is investigated, using advanced algorithms and machine learning to enhance their dynamic performance.