Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease are among the leading causes of death and disease burden. Therefore, new therapeutic targets are needed to treat both symptoms and disease progression. Glutamate and adenosine receptors are key proteins modulating brain cells’ activity. Extensive studies demonstrate glutamate and adenosine receptors afford neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease. This thesis provided better understanding of how glutamate receptors behave differently when activating adenosine receptors in different types of brain cells. The results suggest combination therapies for a wide range of neurodegenerative disorders may be needed to ensure maximal therapeutic benefits.