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https://dx.doi.org/10.25972/op...
Doctoral thesis . 2025
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Molecular restrictions to influenza virus reassortment

Authors: Ambi, Uddhav Babaso;

Molecular restrictions to influenza virus reassortment

Abstract

Das Genom des Influenza-A-Virus (IAV) besteht aus acht distinkten RNA-Segmenten in negativer Orientierung, was die Replikation und den Zusammenbau des Virus erschwert, dem Virus jedoch einen evolutionären Vorteil durch Reassortment, d. h. den Austausch genetischer Segmente zwischen koinfizierenden IAV-Stämmen, verschafft. Reassortierung kann zur Entstehung neuer IAV mit pandemischem Potenzial führen. Trotz der derzeitigen Bemühungen, diesen Prozess im Detail zu verstehen, ist es schwierig, solche Pandemien im Voraus vorherzusagen. Interessanterweise wird das Reassortment auch genutzt, um einen Impfstamm zu erzeugen, indem genetische Informationen zwischen zirkulierenden Viren und dem Impfstoff-Backbone vermischt werden. Daher ist eine bessere Kenntnis des Reassortments für den Kampf gegen IAV von entscheidender Bedeutung. Jüngste Forschungsarbeiten haben gezeigt, dass sowhol ein Mechanismus für virale Genomverpackungssignale als auch direkte RNA-Interaktionen entscheidende Rollen beim Zusammenbau der acht Genomsegmente zum Viruspartikel spielen können. Hier haben wir modernste Technologien eingesetzt, um die molekularen Mechanismen zu untersuchen, die den spezifischen Segmentverpackungs- und Reassortierungsprozessen bei IAV zugrunde liegen. In Kapitel 1 haben wir mit einem auf Sequenzierung basierenden funktionellen Screening ein neues Motiv innerhalb des IAV-Impfstoff-Stamms identifiziert, das für die Verpackung erforderlich ist. Wir validierten das Verpackungssignal durch Mutation, was zu einem Replikationsdefekt führte und in Kompetitionexperimenten gegenselektiert wurde. In Kapitel 2 führten wir weitere Untersuchungen zu Verpackungssignalen mit Hilfe von RNA Struktur-Messung durch. Mit dieser Methode zur Bestimmung von Basenpaarung konnten wir Veränderungen in der DMS-Reaktivität zwischen vRNA-Segmenten in verschiedenen zellulären Kompartimenten und Viren feststellen und so potenziell Stellen für RNA-RNA- und RNA-Protein-Interaktionen identifizieren. In Kapitel 3 schließlich entwickeln wir eine Methodik zur Untersuchung von Reassortierungsprozessen auf der Ebene einzelner Viruspartikel. Wir zeigen, dass wir Bias in Segment-Segment-Assoziationen während Koinfektionen zwischen dem Impfstoff-Backbone und einem zirkulierenden H3N2-Virus identifizieren und quantifizieren können. Insgesamt verbessert diese Arbeit unser Verständnis von IAV-Verpackung und Reassortierung. In Zukunft können wir dieses Wissen nutzen, um Impfstoff-Backbones funktionell zu modifizieren, um eine effiziente Reassortierung mit zirkulierenden Stämmen zu erreichen und den Impfstoffproduktionsprozess zu optimieren.

The influenza A virus (IAV) genome is composed of eight distinct negative-sense viral RNA segments, which complicates virus replication and assembly but provides the virus with an evolutionary advantage through reassortment, which is the exchange of genetic segments between co-infecting strains of IAV. Reassortment can lead to the emergence of new IAVs with pandemic potential. Despite current efforts to understand the process in detail, it is challenging to predict such pandemics in advance. Interestingly, reassortment is also used to generate vaccine seeds by mixing genetic information between circulating viruses and the vaccine backbone. Thus, better knowledge of reassortment is essential to the fight against IAV. Recent research has shown that a mechanism for viral genome packaging signals and direct RNA interactions may play a critical role in assembling the eight genome segments into the virus particle. Here, we used cutting-edge technologies to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying specific segment packaging and reassortment processes in IAV. In Chapter 1, we used a sequencing-based functional screen to identify a new motif within the IAV vaccine backbone required for packaging. We confirmed that mutation of this motif induced a replication defect, and was counter-selected in competition assays. In Chapter 2, we conducted further investigations into packaging signals using RNA structural probing. This powerful probing approach allowed us to discern alterations in DMS reactivity across vRNA segments within various cellular compartments and viruses, potentially identifying sites of RNA-RNA and RNA protein interactions. Finally, in Chapter 3, we developed a methodology to investigate reassortment processes at the single virion level. We showed that we can identify and quantify biases in segment-segment associations during co-infections between the vaccine backbone and a circulating H3N2. Altogether, this thesis improves our understanding of IAV packaging and reassortment. In the future, we can apply this knowledge to functionally modify vaccine backbones to efficiently reassort with circulating strains and to streamline the vaccine production process.

Country
Germany
Related Organizations
Keywords

ddc:610, Influenzaviren, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green