This dissertation deals with two distinct projects. First -- Design and synthesis of novel anti-inflammatory lipid mediators -- It is well documented that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) display beneficial actions in many human diseases. The underlying molecular mechanism for these actions remains of tremendous interest, but yet to be established until recently Serhan and colleagues identified a novel class of lipid mediators generated from EPA and DHA during the resolution phase of inflammation via cell-cell interactions that displayed potent anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving activities. The lipid mediators derived from EPA are designated as E-series of resolvins such as RvE1, and the lipid mediators generated from DHA are denoted as D-series of resolvins such as RvD1, RvD2, RvD3 and RvD4. In addition, aspirin triggers the endogenous formation of epimeric series of D-series of resolvins named aspirin-triggered resolvins such as AT-RvD1, AT-RvD2, AT-RvD3 and AT-RvD4. These lipid mediators are generated in very minute quantities in stereochemically pure form and possess potent anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving bioactions.