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The evolution of phytotelmata-breeding anurans

Die Evolution von in Phytotelmata laichenden Anura ; Laich- und Rufplatzeigenschaften der beiden Baumhöhlenlaichenden Froscharten Trachycephalus resinifictrix und T. hadroceps (Anura: Hylidae)
Authors: Moser, Georg;

The evolution of phytotelmata-breeding anurans

Abstract

Im Laufe der Evolution entwickelten sich bei Amphibien viele verschiedene Formen der Reproduktion. Daher sind sie lohnende Forschungsobjekte für die Untersuchung der Evolution von Fortpflanzungsverhalten. Eine besondere Form der Fortpflanzung bei Fröschen ist die Ablage der Nachkommen, Eier oder Kaulquappen in Phytotelmata. Diese Arbeit beschreibt das Fortpflanzungsverhalten von Trachycephalus resinifictrix (Goeldi, 1907) und T. hadroceps (Duellman & Hoogmoed, 1992), zwei arborealen Froscharten aus den Regenwäldern Französisch-Guyanas. Während eines zweimonatigen Forschungsaufenthaltes wurden Daten zu Populationsgröße, Fortpflanzung und Eigenschaften der Ruf- und Laichplätze der beiden Arten gesammelt. Beide Arten zeigen ein ähnliches Fortpflanzungsverhalten, benützen aber unterschiedliche Baumhöhlen als Laich- und Rufplätze. Keine der Baumhöhlen von T. hadroceps hatte ein größeres Volumen als ein Liter und sie befanden sich deutlich höher an den Bäumen als jene von T. resinifictrix, deren Volumen immer größer als vier Liter waren. Adulte und Kaulquappen von T. hadroceps zeigen eindeutige Anpassungen an das Leben in diesen arborealen Phytotelmata die bei T. resinifictrix nicht vorhanden sind. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit wird die Evolution der in Phytotelmata laichenden Anura diskutiert und mit anderen Arten verglichen. Eine Tabelle der bekannten in Phytotelmata laichenden Arten wird im Anhang präsentiert.

In amphibians many different reproductive modes evolved. Hence they are rewarding subjects for the study of the evolution of reproductive behavior. One specialized mode is the deposition of offspring, eggs and/or tadpoles into phytotelmata. The present study describes the reproductive mode of Trachycephalus resinifictrix (Goeldi, 1907) and T. hadroceps (Duellman & Hoogmoed, 1992), two arboreal frog species found in primary rainforests of French Guiana. During a two month field period, population data, life history facts and characteristics of calling and breeding sites of the two arboreal frog species were recorded and analyzed. The two observed species show similar reproductive modes but use significantly different types of tree holes as calling and breeding sites. None of the calling sites of T. hadroceps exceeded a volume of one liter and they were significantly higher up in the trees than tree holes used by T. resinifictrix containing a minimum volume of four liters. Adults and tadpoles of T. hadroceps show distinct adaptations facilitating the life in arboreal phytotelmata not present in T. resinifictrix. On basis of the results of this study the evolution of phytotelmata-breeding anurans is discussed and compared with adaptations found in other phytotelmata-breeding frogs. A table of presently known phytotelmata-breeding anurans is presented in the appendix.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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