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Dectin-1 and langerin

Dectin-1 und Langerin
Authors: Vrban, Hanka;

Dectin-1 and langerin

Abstract

Fungal beta glucans are known to activate the immune response through various receptors, including C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). Notable, among these receptors, Dectin-1 stands out for its crucial role in fighting fungal infections. Despite efforts to fully understand Dectin-1 signaling, the precise molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Previous research suggested that Dectin-1 signaling leading to interleukin production could only be activated by yeast particles through the formation of an immune synapse that requires phase-segregation of CD45 phosphatase and clustering of Dectin-1 receptor. In this work, however, I demonstrate that short soluble fragments like tetrameric beta-glucans can also activate the NF-kB and MAPK pathway. Using silica particles to mimic yeast particles, I was able to manipulate the density of defined glucans and determine the threshold for activating Dectin-1 signaling. This work also focuses on the recognition of bacterial glycans, specifically on the interaction of Dectin-1 and Langerin with wall teichoic acids (WTAs) of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. By generating bacterial strains with specific deletions and modifications in WTA glycosylation (e.g., ΔtarM, ΔtarS, ΔtarP), we identified key glycosyltransferases responsible for altering immune recognition. We show that modified bacterial glycans activate CLR signaling, with the potential to modulate the immune response. This sheds light on how bacterial cell wall modifications affect host-pathogen interactions, with implications for understanding bacterial immune evasion. By employing both cell-based assays and high-resolution imaging techniques (TIRF), this work represents a unique approach to provide a new dimension to explore intracellular communication through glycans.

Pilz-Beta-Glukane aktivieren die Immunantwort über verschiedene Rezeptoren, darunter C-Typ-Lektin-Rezeptoren (CLRs). Eine besondere Rolle spielt dabei Dectin-1. Frühere Studien deuteten darauf hin, dass der Dectin-1-Signalweg, der zur Interleukinproduktion führt, nur durch Hefepartikel aktiviert werden konnte, indem eine Immunsynapse gebildet wird. Die Arbeit zeigt jedoch, dass kurze lösliche Fragmente wie tetrametere Beta-Glucane auch den NF-kB- und MAPK-Signalweg aktivieren können. Mit Nanopartikeln, die Hefepartikel nachahmen sollen, konnte ich die Dichte definierter Glukane manipulieren und den Schwellenwert für die Aktivierung der Dectin-1-Signale bestimmen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auch auf der Erkennung bakterieller Glykane, insbesondere auf der Interaktion von Dectin-1 und Langerin mit Wandteichonsäuren (WTAs) von Staphylococcus aureus und Streptococcus pyogenes. Durch die Erzeugung von Bakterienstämmen mit spezifischen Modifikationen der WTA-Glykosylierung (z.B. ΔtarM, ΔtarS, ΔtarP) konnte ich wichtige Glykosyltransferasen identifizieren, die für die Veränderung der Immunerkennung verantwortlich sind. Dies gibt Aufschluss darüber, wie bakterielle Zellwandänderungen die Interaktion zwischen Wirt und Erreger beeinflussen, was wiederum Auswirkungen auf das Verständnis der bakteriellen Immunantwort hat. Durch den Einsatz von zellbasierten Assays und hochauflösenden Bildgebungsverfahren (TIRF) stellt diese Arbeit einen guten Ansatz dar, um der Erforschung der intrazellulären Kommunikation mit Glykanen eine neue Dimension zu eröffnen.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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