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Resistance without a movement?

Authors: Gleitsmann, Sophie;

Resistance without a movement?

Abstract

In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten haben sich neue Formen sozialer Bewegungen im ländlichen Raum etabliert, die einen sozial gerechten und ökologisch nachhaltigen Wandel in der Landwirtschaft fordern. Dabei berufen sie sich vielfach auf die Prinzipien der Ernährungssouveränität. Transnationale Agrarbewegungen wie La Vía Campesina engagieren sich weltweit für die Rechte von peasants und zielen darauf ab, diese in einem gemeinsamen Klasseninteresse und einer globalen Koalition zu vereinen. Obwohl sich ein stetig wachsender Teil der Literatur mit Ernährungssouveränitäts-bewegungen weltweit auseinandersetzt, wurde bestimmten Regionen, wie dem post-sowjetischen Raum bisher nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Bisherige Versuche, die Abwesenheit des post-sowjetischen Raumes in transnationalen Netzwerken zu erklären, bleiben oberflächlich und ignorieren alternative, stille Ausdrucksformen von Widerstand und Ernährungssouveränität. Anhand von 20 Interviews hat diese qualitative Studie untersucht, welche Faktoren die Herausforderungen für die Entstehung von Ernährungssouveränitätsbewegungen in post-sowjetischen Ländern erklären, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf Kirgistan liegt. Die Studie hat eine Reihe von miteinander verflochtenen und sich überschneidenden Faktoren aufgedeckt, welche das Entstehen ländlicher Graswurzelbewegungen erschweren. Während Nichtregierungsorganisationen und internationale Organisationen bestrebt sind, bäuerliches kollektives Handeln zu erleichtern, führen (nicht-)gewaltsame Drohungen seitens des Staates, das fortbestehende sowjetische Erbe sowie das in der Bevölkerung vorherrschende Misstrauen zu einer Schwächung der Zivilgesellschaft. Der Widerstand gegen das System manifestiert sich nicht in Form von politisch artikuliertem Protest, sondern in Praktiken der "stillen" Ernährungssouveränität. Diese basieren auf Selbstversorgungsbemühungen, historisch verankerten Mustern von Gemeinschafts- und Familiennetzwerken sowie auf der nomadischen Kultur.

The past decades have seen new types of rural social movements emerge, which demand socially just and environmentally sustainable trajectories of agrarian change, many based on the principles of food sovereignty. Transnational agrarian movements, such as La Vía Campesina, fight for peasant’s rights worldwide and aim to unite peasants in a shared class interest and global coalition. Although a growing body of literature focuses on the trend of food sovereignty movements across the globe, limited attention has been granted to regions that are absent from respective networks, especially the post-Soviet space. Previous attempts of explanations remain superficial and ignorant to alternative, muted expressions of resistance and food sovereignty. Based on qualitative research involving 20 interviews, this study explores challenges to the emergence of food sovereignty movements in the post-Soviet countries, with a focus on Kyrgyzstan. This study has revealed a set of intertwined and overlapping factors which challenge the emergence of rural bottom-up mobilization. While NGOs and international organisations aspire to facilitate peasant collective action, (non-)violent threats emanating from the state, persisting Soviet legacy, and mistrust among the population weaken civil society. Instead of politically articulated protest, resistance to the system is shown in practices of ‘quiet’ food sovereignty, which relate to self-sufficiency efforts, historically entrenched patterns of community and family networks, as well as nomadic culture.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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