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Loss of functions mutations in Kir2.1 channels

Authors: Schramböck, Niko;

Loss of functions mutations in Kir2.1 channels

Abstract

Die Mutation des einwärtsgerichteten Kaliumkanal Kir2.1 führt zu einem Verlust oder Erniedrigung des Kaliumausstromes aus der Zelle. Dieser Kanal wird im Körper, vor allem in dem Herzen, dem Gehirn sowie dem Blutsystem produziert und hat eine sehr wichtige Rolle in der Repolarisation der Zelle. Wenn kleine Störungen in dem komplexen System der Erregbarkeit einer Zelle auftreten, kann dies drastische Folgen haben. In diesem Fall kommt es zur Ausbildung des Andersen-Tawil-Syndroms. Diese Erkrankung ist extrem selten, da sie eine Häufigkeit von etwa eins zu einer Million aufweist. Es ist eine vererbte Krankheit, die durch die Symptome eines Langes-QT-Syndroms, neurologischen Problemen sowie physischen Problemen, wie zum Beispiel Kleinwuchs, tiefsitzende Ohren und weit auseinander liegenden Augen gekennzeichnet ist. Die pathologische Veränderung des Kir2.1 ist sehr komplex und kann verschiedene Ursachen haben. Die Mutation bestimmter Aminosäuren in dem Protein kann Einfluss auf die Bindung des essentiellen, aktivierenden Liganden PIP2, (Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphophat) und/oder auf die korrekte Faltung des Kanals haben. Außerdem wird bei bestimmten Mutationen der Durchfluss der Kalium Ionen durch den Kanal, sowie der Transport und die Integration des Proteins in die Membran beeinflusst. Es ist schwierig aufgrund der Mutation auf die Auswirkung auf den Kanal rückzuschließen. Daher befasst sich diese Diplomarbeit mit allgemeinen Informationen zur Erkrankung Andersen Tawil Syndrom (ATS), wie der Entstehung, den Symptomen und dessen symptomatischer Behandlung. Der Fokus der Diplomarbeit liegt auf den Mutationen welche ATS auslösen und deren physiologischen und strukturellen Veränderungen für den Kaliumkanal Kir2.1, als auch für die Physiologie des Körpers.

Mutations of the inward-facing potassium channel Kir2.1 can lead to a loss or decrease in the potassium flow. This channel is expressed in various regions of the human body, especially in the heart, brain and blood system and has a very important role in the repolarization of the cell. If small disturbances occur in the complex system of excitability of a cell, this can have drastic consequences. In this case, Andersen-Tawil syndrome develop, due to loss of Kir2.1 channel function, mostly caused by single point mutations. This condition is extremely rare, as it is approximately one in a million in frequency. It is an inherited disease that is characterized by the symptoms of long QT syndrome, neurological problems, and physical problems, such as short stature, low-set ears and widely spaced eyes. The pathological alteration in the Kir2.1 is very complex and can have various causes. The mutation of certain amino acids in the protein can influence the binding or modulation of the essential activatory ligand PIP2, (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphophate) and/or the correct folding of the channel. In addition, the flow of potassium ions through the channel, as well as the transport and integration of the protein into the membrane, is influenced in some cases. It is difficult to infer the effect on the channel due to the mutation. Therefore, this diploma thesis deals with general information about the Andersen Tawil syndrome (ATS), such as its development, symptoms and its symptomatic treatment. The focus of this diploma thesis is to provide an overview of ATS causing mutations, the functional and structural consequences for potassium channel Kir2.1 function, as well as for the physiology of the body.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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