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Unconventional monetary policy in practice

„Unkonventionelle Geldpolitik in der Praxis ; ein Vergleich von "Quantitativer Lockerung" in Japan und den USA
Authors: Reith, Matthias Wolfgang;

Unconventional monetary policy in practice

Abstract

Angesichts der gegenwärtigen Krise haben viele westliche Zentralbanken zu “unkonventionellen” geldpolitischen Maßnahmen gegriffen, welche gemeinhin als „Quantitative Lockerung (QE)“ bezeichnet werden. Maßnahmen dieser Art gibt es jedoch schon länger. Denn bereits zwischen 2001 und 2006 verfolgte die japanische Zentralbank (BoJ) eine Politik der quantitativen Lockerung. Dies verleitete viele Journalisten und Marktkommentatoren zu allzu simplen Vergleichen zwischen den derzeit praktizierten QE-Maßnahmen und jenen der BoJ (2001-2006). Aus diesem Grund beschäftigt sich die vorliegende Diplomarbeit mit den Unterschieden zwischen dem japanischen QE-Ansatz und jenem der amerikanischen Notenbank (Fed). Wie sich herausstellt, unterscheiden sich diese in einer Reihe von wichtigen Aspekten: Das vorrangige Ziel der japanischen QE-Politik war die Bekämpfung deflationärer Tendenzen, wohingegen die Fed unkonventionelle Maßnahmen hauptsächlich zur Beseitigung der Probleme innerhalb des Bankensystems einsetzt. Ferner beschränkte sich die BoJ überwiegend auf den Kauf japanischer Staatsanleihen (JGBs), während die Fed einen breiteren Ansatz verfolgt: Da der Interbankenmarkt zur Zeit nur eingeschränkt funktioniert, versucht die amerikanische Zentralbank mit so vielen Marktteilnehmern so direkt wie möglich zu agieren. Deshalb hat die Fed weitaus mehr neue Instrumente eingeführt als seinerzeit die BoJ. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es wenig verwunderlich, dass sich die Ausweitung der japanischen Zentralbankbilanz zwischen 2001 und 2006 im Vergleich zu jener der Fed in den letzten beiden Jahren eher bescheiden ausnimmt.

In the current economic and financial crisis, many western central banks introduced “unconventional” monetary policy measures, commonly referred to as “Quantitative Easing (QE)”. However, the Bank of Japan (BoJ) already applied QE between 2001 and 2006. This lead many commentators to make oversimplifying comparisons between the BoJ’s QE approach (2001-2006) and current implementations of QE by other central banks. In particular, this diploma thesis tries to examine the differences between BoJ-type QE and Fed-type QE. It turns out that both approaches differ fundamentally from each other on various grounds: The primary aim of QE in Japan was fighting deflation, whereas the American central bank addresses mostly strains in the banking system. Concerning the concrete measures, one can say that QE by the BoJ consisted to a good deal of active QE in terms of outright purchases of Japanese government securities (JGBs), whereas the Fed currently follows a somewhat broader approach: Since interbank markets are not functioning as desired, it tries to engage with as many market participants as direct as possible. Therefore the Fed has introduced a much broader range of new instruments than its Japanese counterpart did between 2001 and 2006. As a result, the Fed’s balance sheet expansion was considerably larger than the one in Japan.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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