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On the quantum Gross-Pitaevskii equation

Authors: Draxler, Damian;

On the quantum Gross-Pitaevskii equation

Abstract

This thesis is concerned with the development of new variational algorithms to study strongly correlated one dimensional quantum field theories. To this end we apply the Dirac-Frenkel time-dependent variational principle to the class of continuous Matrix Product States (cMPS). Three main results are presented in this thesis: an ansatz for low lying excitations, a time-evolution algorithm for systems with open boundary conditions and a time evolution algorithm for systems with periodic boundary conditions. These algorithms can be applied equally well to finite translationally and non-translationally invariant systems, to systems in the thermodynamic limit and to both relativistic and non-relativistic theories. Hence, we provide an almost complete toolbox for the numerical study of strongly correlated one dimensional quantum field theories. Moreover, we thereby generalize the renowned theory of Gross and Pitaevskii, central to the theoretical study of ultracold Bose gases, to the case of strongly correlated one dimensional systems where mean-field descriptions typically fail. Our generalization includes the Gross-Pitaevskii equation in the mean-field limit but goes well beyond this regime by capturing entanglement and quantum correlations. Linearizing these quantum Gross-Pitaevskii equations gives then rise to a quantum version of the Bogoluibov de-Gennes equations which allow the study of non-perturbative linear response or quantum control theory. These methods are then used to study excitations and dynamical correlation functions of the Lieb-Liniger model, as well as a non-integrable extension thereof where we identify clear solitonic signatures in the spectrum of the former one and a non-trivial bound state in the spectrum of the latter one. We then investigate an interacting Bose gas loaded into a ring shaped geometry in the presence of a $U(1)$-gauge potential, and focus on the persistent currents behaviour in the presence of a barrier. In addition, ground state properties of the two-component Bose gas are studied thereby paving the way towards quasi two (or higher) dimensional systems which are currently not accessible with cMPS based methods.

Gegenstand dieser Dissertation ist die Entwicklung neuer variationeller Algorithmen zur Untersuchung von stark korrelierten eindimensionalen Quantenfeldtheorien. Zu diesem Zweck wird das Dirac-Frenkel zeitabhaengige Variationsprinzip auf die Klasse der kontinuierlichen Matrix Produkt Zustaende (cMPS) angewandt. Die Dissertation beinhaltet im wesentlichen drei Hauptresultate: einen Ansatz zur Beschreibung von Anregungszustaenden niedriger Energie, ein Algorithmus fuer die Zeitentwicklung von Systemen mit offenen Randbedingungen sowie ein weiterer fuer jene mit periodischen Randbedingungen. Darueber hinaus verallgemeinern wir die renommierte Theorie von Gross und Pitaevskii, omnipraesent in der theoretischen Beschreibung von ultrakalten Bose Gasen, auf den Fall von stark korrelierten, eindimensionalen Systemen wo Molekularfeldnaeherungen typischerweise nicht anwendbar sind. Diese Verallgemeinerung beinhaltet die Gross-Pitaevskii Gleichung im Molekularfeldlimes aber geht weit darueber hinaus indem Verschraenkung und Quantenkorrelationen mitberuecksichtigt werden. Die Linearisierung dieser sogenannten Quantum Gross-Pitaevskii Gleichungen fuehrt zu einer quantenmechanischen Version der Bogoliubov de-Gennes Gleichungen. Diese Methoden werden dann dazu verwendet die Anregungen und die dynamischen Korrelationsfunktionen des Lieb-Liniger Models und einer nicht integrablen Erweiterung desselben zu untersuchen, wobei im Spektrum des ersteren solitonische Anregungen und im Spektrum des letzteren ein nicht trivialer, gebundener Zustand identifiziert wurde. Des Weiteren wird ein wechselwirkendes Bose Gas studiert, welches in der Anwesenheit eines $U(1)$-Eichpotentials auf eine ringfoermige Geometrie beschraenkt ist. Hierbei liegt der Fokus auf der Berechnung der dissipationsfreien Teilchen Stroeme, wobei zusaetzlich eine lokale Barriere in das System eingefuehrt wurde. Darueber hinaus werden Grundzustandseigenschaften eines zwei-komponentigen Bose Gases studiert.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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