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To nudge, or not to nudge

Authors: Thiele, Raik;

To nudge, or not to nudge

Abstract

Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die bestehende, gegenwärtige Literatur der letzten 5 Jahre zum Themenkomplex der libertär paternalistischen Verhaltensregulationen. Anlass dieser Auseinandersetzung ist das stetig wachsende Interesse an verhaltensregulierenden Mechanismen, da diese in der Literatur als leicht zu implizierende und effektive Interventionen gelten um Individuen und Gruppen zu einem gewünschten Verhalten zu bewegen. Diese Arbeit analysiert die theoretischen Grundlagen von Nudges und libertärem Paternalismus und stellt Überlegungen zu rechtlichen sowie ethischen Grundsätzen an, welche einer Anwendung auf gesellschaftlicher Ebene vorrangehen müssen. Desweiteren werden die häufigsten Nudges charakterisiert und bezüglich ihrer Vor- und Nachteile hinsichtlich ethischer Vertretbarkeit und Anwendbarkeit betrachtet. Anand von vorgestellten Metaanalysen wird eine systematische Einschätzung zu allgemeiner Effektivität und Akzeptanz libertär paternalistischer Verhaltensregulationen erstellt. Basierend auf der ausgewerteten Literatur werden verschiedene existierende Klassifikationssysteme analysiert und als Grundlage für ein eigenes Rahmenmodell herangezogen. Dieses erstellte Modell ermöglicht eine Einschätzung von Effektivität und Akzeptanz einer geplanten Intervention und stellt so die Voraussetzung dar, einen Nudge anzuwenden, der einen möglichst hohen Grad an Akzeptanz und Effektivität, bei möglichst geringer Einflussnahme gewährleistet. Abschießend gibt die vorliegende Arbeit einen exemplarischen Einblick in die Anwendungsfelder libertär paternalistischer Interventionen und zeigt dabei Chancen und Risiken dieses jungen und stetig wachsenden Forschungsgebiets auf.

This thesis gives an overview of the published literature in the last five years in the field of libertarian paternalistic behaviour regulation interventions. The reason for this thesis is founded in the continuing increase of interest in the field of behaviour regulations. This might be founded in the easily applicable and effective nature of the nudges to intervene into people’s behaviour and to steer them into an intended direction by the choice architect. This presented thesis is analysing the theoretical groundwork of nudges and libertarian paternalism in general, and furthermore discusses the legal and ethical principles for applying the concept of libertarian paternalistic behavioural interventions at the level of public policy. Furthermore, the most common nudges will be described and in the pros and cons regarding ethical concerns and their usability will be broadly discussed. Using various meta-analyses, this paper systematically evaluates the general effectiveness and acceptance of libertarian paternalistic interventions in the field. It also presents recently published frameworks, classifying nudges, and builds the groundwork for its own framework. This newly postulated model provides a framework to evaluate effectiveness and acceptance of planned interventions, in order to use a nudge with the highest possible proportion between acceptance and effectiveness, with the mildest possible intrusiveness. To conclude, the thesis gives an overview of the scope of application of libertarian paternalistic interventions and points at the opportunities and the risks of this young and constantly growing field of research.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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Average
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