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Zur Wirksamkeit von Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) in Pflegeberufen hinsichtlich Konzentration

Authors: Koblmüller, Teresa;

Zur Wirksamkeit von Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) in Pflegeberufen hinsichtlich Konzentration

Abstract

In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Einfluss eines kurzen 4-wöchigen Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction-Training (kurz: MBSR) auf die voluntäre Aufmerksamkeit und das autonome Nervensystem (ANS) untersucht. Wichtiges Ziel war ebenfalls theoretische Konzeptionalisierungen zur Beziehung zwischen Mindfulness und Aufmerksamkeitsprozessen zu analysieren. Die Untersuchung wurde am Krankenpflegepersonal durchgeführt, welches einem MBSR-Treatment (n=23) oder einer Wartelisten-Kontrollgruppe (n=21) zugeordent wurde. Zu beiden Messzeitpunkten vor und nach der Intervention wurden Tests und subjektive Fragebögen zur voluntären Aufmerksamkeit, Wohlbefinden und Burnout vorgegeben. Mindfulness wurde mittels eines Fragebogens nur zum zweiten Messzeitpunkt erhoben. Zusätzlich wurden physiologische Variablen (Elektrodermale Aktiviät, Herzratenvariabilität, Atrial und Herzrate) während der Zeit des Fragebogenausfüllens, Pause oder Meditationsbedingung und während eines Aufmerksamkeitstests gemessen. Die Teilnahme an einem kurzen MBSR-Training konnte nicht mit einer signifikanten Verbesserung in der voluntären Aufmerksamkeit im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe assoziiert werden. Hohe Scores in Mindfulness nach dem MBSR-Training korrelierten jedoch signifikant mit erhöhten Werten in der voluntären Aufmerksamkeit. Ein Einfluss des MBSR-Trainings konnte auch auf das autonome Nervensystem in der Low Frequency, welche für sympathische Aktivität steht, gezeigt werden. Abschließend wurde mittels eines Feedbackbogens die Mindfulness-Intervention von den Versuchsteilnehmern als ein wirksames Treatment im Umgang mit Stress bewertet. Die Auswirkungen dieser Ergebnisse auf die zukünftige empirische Forschung hinsichtlich des Effekts von Mindfulness auf das autonome Nervensystem und Aufmerksamkeit wird diskutiert.

This study was designed to test the impact of a brief 4-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) course on voluntary attention and the autonomous nervous system (ANS). One corollary aim of this study was to analyze theoretical conceptualizations that highlight the fundamental relationship between mindfulness and attentional processes. Towards that end, nurses and nurse aids were tested before and after assignment to MBSR (n= 23) or a wait-list control (n= 21). Testing included measures of voluntary attention, as well as self-report measures of emotional well-being, burnout and mindfulness. Additionally, physiological assessments (skin conductance level, atrial, heart rate and heart rate variability indices of time and frequency domain methods) were obtained in three instances: during the period of answering the self-report questionnaires, a 5-minute break and during the attention task. Participation in the MBSR course was not associated with significant improvements in voluntary attention relative to the control group. However, high scores in mindfulness after MBSR were correlated with improvements in voluntary attention. Furthermore, the impact of MBSR on the autonomous nervous system could be seen in the low frequency component of heart rate variability, which suggests greater sympathetic influence. The mindfulness intervention itself was rated, by nurses and nurse aids as a helpful treatment to deal with stress. Implications of these results and future directions for empirical study related to the influence of mindfulness an autonomous nervous system and attention are discussed.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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