Industrial archeology, like archeology in general, depends largely upon material evidence or so called “industrial monument” in its approach. Historical studies on industries and their technology may hardly be successful without industrial monuments.Japan Industrial Archeology Society, established in 1977, has proposed a nation-wide survey of industrial monuments of various industries.The Japanese pulp and paper industry, except the traditional hand-made papermaking, started in 1870 s by introducing western technology, and has made a remarkable progress and expansion. But at the same time a great number of valuable industrial monuments might have been lost.Taking a few typical books of the history of Japanese pulp and paper industry as a reference, and also some papers regarding the economic and technical history of the industry, the author emphasizes that the industrial monuments are inevitably essential for these works. As a conclusion, it is recommended that the above mentioned survey and preparation of the list of these industrial monuments should urgently be carried out by those who are working in the field.