The aim of this article is to present and discuss: 1) types of lumbar traction; 2) effects of lumbar traction; 3) indications and contraindications for lumbar traction; 4) effective lumbar traction techniques. There is a review of important points that have been presented in earlier literature, as well as the introduction of new ideas and concepts. A portion of this article deals with the rationale-of using lumbar traction for the treatment of herniated disc and other lumbar spinal nerve root syndromes. There is considerable discussion of poundages necessary to achieve therapeutic results. Detailed description of positioning is presented. The importance of the use of proper equipment for mechanical lumbar traction is stressed. That lumbar traction can be a beneficial treatment for certain musculoskeletal disorders is stressed, but that effective treatment is not as easy and simple to administer as it may seem. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1979;1(1):36-45.