Various aspects of the combination of adhesive bonding and mechanical fastening for fibrous composite structures are considered. The factors accounted for in the theories are explained and the source of the complete derivations is given. Analyses of undamaged structures show that, because the adhesive bond load path is so much stiffer than the load path through bolts or rivets, the combination is no stronger than a well-designed bonded joint alone. However, the combination of bonding and bolting is shown to be particularly useful for repair and to prevent damage from spreading. The issues raised are illustrated by specific analyses of large stepped-lap composite to metal joints.