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DRAG OF SPHERES IN RAREFIED HYPERVELOCITY FLOW

Drag of spheres in rarefied hypervelocity flow
Authors: Kinslow, Max; Potter, J. Leith;

DRAG OF SPHERES IN RAREFIED HYPERVELOCITY FLOW

Abstract

Drag of spheres has been measured under hypersonic, cold-wall, support-free conditions in a nonreacting flow in which molecular vibration was frozen. Data were obtained for a nominal freestream Mach number of 11 and for Reynolds numbers from 1 to 10 based on conditions immediately downstream of the normal shock and sphere diameter. These data were supplemented by measurements at a nominal Mach number of 10 where a conventional balance was used, and Reynolds numbers downstream of the shock as high as 104 were investigated in the cold-wall condition. The experimental results have been analyzed both from the viewpoint of continuum flow with second-order viscous effects and from the standpoint of a noncontinuum concept, taking account of first collisions between re-emitted and freestream molecules. In both cases, useful, semiempirical expressions for drag coefficient are derived. The first-collision analysis is numerically indeterminant because of the lack of a method for explicit calculation of mean free path. However, the form of the derived equation for drag coefficient in noncontinuum flow is particularly suitable for modification to permit its use in linking freemolecule solutions and available experimental data. This possibility is suggested because the limiting drag coefficient at high Reynolds numbers is on the order of the accepted value for continuum, inviscid flow.

Keywords

fluid mechanics

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
25
Average
Top 10%
Top 10%
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