A continuum-based design sensitivity analysis method for hyperelastic structures is presented. Analysis is performed using a meshless method, called the reproducing kernel particle method. Yeoh’ s energy density function is used to describe thehyperelastic structural behavior. The meshless method eliminates mesh distortion orentanglement encountered in using e nite element analysis for large deformation structural analysis and structural shape design optimization. Both the adjoint variable and direct differentiation methods are developed for material and shape design variables. An ine nitely long rubber tube, a two-dimensional rubber band, and an engine mount are examples used to demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the method.