The history of the development of U.S. Air Force intercontinental ballistic missiles is briefly discussed. Emphasis is placed on the technical challenges and the achievements made by the intercontinental ballistic missileteam over the past 56 years. The discussion covers all important subsystems in the construction of an intercontinental ballistic missile, that is, rocket propulsion, missile basing, guidance/control, and reentry systems. One of the most remarkable accomplishments of the program is its actual service life, which has far exceeded the original design requirements and goals. The intercontinental ballistic missile program has been one of the most successful programs in the history of the Department of Defense. Besides achieving its nuclear deterrence mission and helping the United States win the Cold War, the intercontinental ballistic missile program also made pivotal contributions in the early stages of the space race with the former Soviet Union. Technologies developed by the intercontinental ballistic missile program have also contributed to nonmilitary and scientific application. Notable examples are miniaturized, high-speed computer chips, composite materials, and high-temperature thermal protection systems.