
The effects of the sporadic meteoroid environment on interplanetary spacecraft have an important impact on mission design. A reformulation is described of the Divine interplanetary meteoroid model, called the meteoroid engineering model (METEM), that is capable of estimating many ofthoseeffects. METEM and the original Divine modelitisbasedonmadeuseofthenewmeteoroiddataobtainedsincethe1970s,whentheoriginalNASAmeteoroid models were developed, to provide a comprehensive phase space description of the environment. METEM allows detailed estimatesofthemeteoroids’ directionalityand variationwithdistancefromthesun.Itincorporatesseveral different meteoroid populations, each population being described in terms of a distribution function in velocity phasespace. These distribution functionsare integrated along a spacecraft trajectory to give the meteoroid e uence asa function of velocity and anglerelativeto a specie edsurface.METEMpredictionsofmissionmeteoroid e uences are explicitly compared with those of the standard NASA models for three representative trajectories (an inner solarsystem,Helios-likemission;a missionat1 AU; anda Cassini-like,outersolarsystemmission ). In addition,the METEMmodelisused toestimatetheangularvariationsin themeteoroide uenceexpectedalongthesetrajectories, a unique feature of this new class of models that provides additional insights into how a spacecraft can bedesigned to protect it from meteoroids.
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