
doi: 10.24927/rce2014.033
As enzimas de restricao (ou endonucleases de restricao) sao enzimas que cortam o DNA em locais especificos. As enzimas reconhecem determinadas sequencias nucleotidicas do DNA e fragmentam a molecula sempre que identificam essa sequencia, produzindo extremidades coesivas. As enzimas de restricao foram descobertas em bacterias que resistiam a infecao dos virus (bacteriofagos) produzindo enzimas que seccionavam o DNA viral, fragmentando-o em porcoes inofensivas. As enzimas atuam quando identificam determinadas sequencias especificas – locais de restricao – geralmente compostas por 4-6 nucleotidos. As enzimas cortam as ligacoes entre o grupo hidroxilo 3’ de um nucleotido e o grupo fosfato 5’ do nucleotido adjacente. As extremidades das cadeias seccionadas – extremidades coesivas – quando contactam com outras resultantes da acao da mesma enzima podem emparelhar por complementaridade.
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