Subject. The article analyzes the efficiency of the inter-budgetary relations system and the importance of financial independence as a factor of resource security when implementing the regional development strategy. Objectives. The purpose is to provide theoretical substantiation of the existing system of inter-budgetary relations, analyze the regions of Russia by their level of financial independence, identify restrictions for underdeveloped regions in the process of development strategy implementation. Methods. The study draws on methods for assessing the level of fiscal capacity of the region by the ratio of transfers to revenues of the consolidated budget of the subject of the Russian Federation. It also employs methods of grouping statistical material, summing up and identifying strategic trends based on statistical observation, analytical and synthetic methods, the strategizing methodology developed by Vladimir L. Kvint. Results. I grouped regions by the level of subsidization, analyzed strategic trends and identified salient features of development in different groups of regions. I also considered indicators of economic development in the groups, and indicators that are representative of the quality and standard of living of the population. The paper traces relationship between the level of financial autonomy and the efficiency of strategic development programs. The findings may be useful for regional authorities to formulate development strategies. Conclusions. The availability of effective strategy and right strategic priorities in a resource-limited environment are vital for less-developed regions.