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Marginality, Suicides, and Suicide Attempts

Authors: L, French; C, Lessard; R, Williams;

Marginality, Suicides, and Suicide Attempts

Abstract

Palmer (1960), influenced by the Frustration/Aggression theorem, proposed that suicide is the likely, albeit extreme, form of aggression among overly socialized members of society (middle and upper classes) while homicide is the likely extreme form of aggression among the marginal and/or undersocialized (lower classes). The purpose of this paper is to explicate evidence from a forensic setting at a state hospital which challenges Palmer's hypothesis that suicide is primarily a form of aggression manifested by overly socialized individuals. The records of five male subjects who had been under close observation for suicide for a month or more or who had successfully completed suicide and could definitely be classified as marginal or undersocialized were reviewed. Four of the subjects were aged 20 to 23 yr., and one was 27 yr. old. The histories of these subjects document child abuse (3 subjects), divorced families (2 subjects), no formal family ( 1 subject), psychiatric care at age 8 (1 subject), low socioeconomic status, and plydrug abuse (5 subjects). Among this group only one completed elementary school and went on to be terminated in a 10th grade special high school class. Crimes of this group included attempted capital murder, arson, kidnapping, aggravated sexual assault, burglary, rape, and conspiracy to sell controlled substances. Suicide attempts among these subjects involved lacerations, primarily of the arms but occasionally of the neck, two incidents of medication overdoses, attempted poisoning, and attempted hangings. Two successful suicides were carried out by hanging. In sum, contrary to Palmer's hypothesis, the marginal backgrounds and the suicide attempts and suicides observed in this limited sample provide evidence that suicidal aggression is also manifested by marginal and/or undersocialized lower class individuals. It appears the direction of aggression (self or other) must be regarded as being influenced by much more than the degree of a subject's socialization.

Keywords

Adult, Male, Suicide, Socialization, Humans, Suicide, Attempted

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
1
Average
Average
Average
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