The study explored the question whether a significant relationship exists between the individual's aspiring to be in a leadership position and his leadership ability as estimated by peer ratings. Leadership aspiration was measured once by the Survey of Interpersonal Values (SIV); leadership ability was measured twice, once in each of two different group settings. Ss were men in two companies ( N = 246 and N = 229) of Army basic trainees. For each company, in each of two group settings, the Leadership scale was found to be significantly related to peer ratings of leadership ability. In all four instances, significant negative relationships were found between the Support scale of the SIV and the peer-rating criterion. These findings indicate that certain measurable aspects of the individual's need or value structure may have potential for predicting certain leadership criteria.