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Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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Análisis multicriterio del rendimiento del sistema universitario español: hay vida más allá de los rankings

Authors: Samira El Gibari;

Análisis multicriterio del rendimiento del sistema universitario español: hay vida más allá de los rankings

Abstract

espanolEl importante papel que muestra la educaci´on superior en la competitividad global de los pa´ises confirma a las universidades como un factor fundamental para el desarrollo socio-econ´omico de una naci´on. Ante este panorama, algunos rankings nacionales e internacionales se han convertido en referencias utilizadas para valorar el prestigio y la reputaci´on de las mismas. No obstante, la mayor´ia de dichos rankings ofrecen unos resultados bien ordinales, o num´ericos de dif´icil interpretaci´on, lo cual da lugar a una informaci´on incompleta de los mismos. Este trabajo de investigaci´on persigue ir m´as all´a de la mera elaboraci´on de un ranking del Sistema Universitario P´ublico Espa˜nol (SUPE). Para ello, se propone analizar el rendimiento de las universidades p´ublicas espa˜nolas utilizando una t´ecnica de an´alisis multicriterio, basada en el m´etodo de m´ultiples puntos de referencia. Una ventaja de esta t´ecnica es la posibilidad de usar niveles de referencia, de tal manera que los resultados obtenidos se interpreten f´acilmente en t´erminos del desempe˜no de la universidad con respecto a estos niveles. Adem´as, se proporcionan indicadores sint´eticos para diferentes grados de compensaci´on. Se analizan por separado las tres misiones b´asicas de nuestro sistema universitario (investigaci´on, docencia y transferencia de conocimiento), porque nos interesa obtener una visi´on m´as precisa de cada una de ellas. La aplicaci´on nos permite concluir que la metodolog´ia ofrece un sistema de advertencia para ayudar en la toma de decisiones estrat´egicas, y los valores de los indicadores nos permiten encontrar campos de mejora en todas las ´areas. EnglishThe important role that higher education plays in today’s competitive world market asserts universities as key factors for the country socioeconomic development. In this scenario, some national and international university rankings have become references used for assessing a university reputation. However, most rankings provide either ordinal or numerical results that are difficult to interpret, which leads to incomplete and confusing information. This paper aims to go beyond simply providing a ranking of the Spanish public university system. To this end, we carry out a performance analysis of the Spanish public universities by using a multicriteria analysis technique, based on the Multiple Reference Point based Weak and Strong Composite Indicators (MRP-WSCI). The assessment of universities using the MRP-WSCI approach has two main advantages. First, reference levels are used for each indicator and thus, the scores are easily interpreted as the current position of the university with respect to these levels. Second, composite indicators for different compensation degrees are provided, in such a way that the scores, apart from giving an overall performance measure of the universities, also provide warning signals that let the user detect improvement areas. The analysis has been carried out for each of the three missions of a university system (research, teaching and technology transfer).

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold