The paper considers the domestic historiography of the problem of reforming the US health care system during the period of B. Obama’s presidency. The contribution of individual researchers to the analysis of this reform and the coverage of various aspects of party and political struggle on this issue are shown. The author focuses on the development and adoption of the law, the difficulties faced by the supporters of the reform at the preparatory stage. The researchers reviewed the reasons and prerequisites for the adoption of the health care reform and analyzed the structural problems that had accumulated in this sector of the economy. The study considers different points of view of both supporters and opponents of the reform, as well as the views of ordinary American citizens. The researchers conclude that the medical reform will split the American society in half along ideological lines.