“Be at a crossroads”: to be at a stage in your life when you have to make a very important decision (1). Type 1 diabetes at a crossroads? What does that really mean? It cannot mean that progress has not been made! Indeed, in the field of diabetes, reporting of new information is clearly outpacing our ability to incorporate new findings into clinical treatment options and recommendations. Over the recent past, important new information regarding the burden of diabetes, prevention, and screening and comprehensive discussions on new therapies have been reported (2–7). However, on closer inspection, the most impressive changes in treatment and preventive strategies have been focused on type 2 diabetes. What then are the major advances in type 1 diabetes? How close are we to realizing an intervention that can delay or prevent type 1 diabetes? Are we any closer to a cure today than we were 10 years ago? What progress has been made toward the “holy grail” of offering a fully functioning artificial pancreas (AP)? To address these questions, our editorial team has elected to feature these topics in a series of articles in this issue of Diabetes Care . Specifically, articles in this issue describe research related to the present status of treatment methods and clinical outcomes in type 1 diabetes in the U.S.; discuss current concepts on the pathogenesis, prediction, and prevention of the disease; review the successes and ongoing challenges of islet transplantation; and describe a pathway for the translation of advances in diabetes technology into an AP suitable for home use by large numbers of patients (8–15). The limitations of current treatment of type 1 diabetes are addressed in the report by Miller et al. (8), which summarizes the most recent data collected on 16,601 individuals participating …