ABSTRACT Objectives To assess the effects of piezocision on the rate of mandibular second molar protraction. Materials and Methods Thirty-one subjects (average age: 22.26 ± 5.63 years) who presented with at least one extracted mandibular first molar were selected to participate in the study. The subjects were subdivided into one of two groups, 22 molars each: group 1, where piezocision was performed immediately before molar protraction and group 2, where molar protraction was performed with no piezocision. Piezocision was performed by making two vertical incisions mesial and distal to the extraction space, and bone cuts were done with a length up to the mucogingival line at a depth of 3 mm. The rate of second molar protraction, duration of space closure, and level of interleukin-1-β (IL-1β) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during the first month of space closure were recorded. Results During the first 2 months after surgery, the rates of second molar protraction were 1.26 ± 0.12 mm/month and 0.68 ± 0.19 mm/month in the piezocision and no piezocision groups, respectively (P < .001). Duration of lower first molar space closure was 9.61 ± 0.98 months in the piezocision group and 10.87 ± 1.52 months in the no piezocision group (P < .01). The level of IL-1β in GCF was higher in the piezocision group compared to the no piezocision group, up to 1 week after surgery (P = .02). Conclusions Although piezocision doubled the rate of second molar protraction during the first 2 months after surgery, overall second molar protraction was increased by only 1 month.