Colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and worldwide. Routine screening has led to early diagnosis and improved survival for many patients but is still greatly underused. Complete surgical resection provides the best opportunity for cure of localized disease and requires removal of a defined segment of colon along with its lymphovascular pedicle, including a minimum of 12 lymph nodes. Minimally invasive approaches have been shown to provide better perioperative outcomes and patient recovery, with oncologic outcomes equivalent to those of traditional open surgery. Patients with lymph node metastases are at an increased risk of distant metastases and disease recurrence. Survival for these patients has improved in the recent years with the advent of oxaliplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, surgical resection is increasingly being used to control and sometimes cure distant metastases. In this chapter, we review the current strategies for diagnosing and managing colon cancer. This review contains 1 video, 5 figures, 4 tables and 48 references Key Words: adjuvant chemotherapy, anastomosis, colectomy, colon cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, survival, laparoscopic, robotic