
doi: 10.2307/467068
In a number of essays collected in Shadow and Act, Ralph Ellison categorizes the typical uses to which modern American white writers have put Black characters: to image "the unorganized, irrational forces in American life"'; to image "disorder and chaos"2; to image "infantile rebellions [against], fears of, and retreat from reality"3; to image "almost everything [the white mind] would repress from conscience and consciousness. "4
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