"Nous sommes tous Americains." We are all Americans. Such was the rallying cry of Jean-Marie Colombani, the editor-in-chief of the French newspaper Le Monde published two days after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack against symbols of America's power. He went on to say: "We are all New Yorkers, as surely as John Kennedy declared himself, in 196[3] in Berlin, to be a Berliner." While Colombani evoked Kennedy's historic declaration for his readers, an even older use of this rhetorical call to solidarity may come to mind. It is Thomas Jefferson's call for unity after America's first taste of twoparty strife. Leading the opposition forces to victory in the presidential election of 1800, he assured Americans that "we are all Republicans, we are all Federalists" and urged his audience to rise above the differences that many feared might divide the young nation against itself. Clearly, there would have been no need for such a ringing rhetorical call if there had not been an acute sense of difference and division at the time. The same