The older Indo-European languages have preserved a considerable number of adjectives in oxytone 11 of the type Ved. prthals, Avest. parafiu, Gr. rXarlbs 'broad'; or Ved. trsdis, Goth. badrsus; OHG. durri 'dry.' For the most part they express very primary adjectival ideas, to a large extent qualities inherent in concrete objects, showing that they were formed at a very early time. They are generally made from the reduced grade of the root, due to their oxytone accent, but morfological and lexical (semantic) influences have tended occasionally, though not very often, to efface the inter-play between oxytonesis and reduced root-form (Vedic aais = Gr. c Kbs, etc.). Adjective function and the position of the accent preserve their distinctive class character to an uncommon degree. In the accented texts of the Veda we find the majority (though not all) of these Indo-European formations: prthas 'wide'; trstfs 'dry'; mrdis 'soft'; raghais, laghas 'light'; tantis 'thin'; bahlis 'much'; aiihas 'narrow'; ripi2s' 'tricky'; aais 'swift'; dhr~.zgs 'bold' (for *dhrsas =-pacrbi; MHG. tiirre, the ,n coming from the present stem dhrs.yu-)2; katus, kdtuka 'sharp' (Lith. karti's 'bitter'); dhrigus 'poor' in ddhrigu 'rich' =Avest. dri-yug 'poor' (superlative, drdejista)3; yahks. 'swift' (cf. Avest. yazizv; Ved. fem. yahv?); vadyis 'blowing,' 'wind' (Avest. vayus 'wind'); tdkus 'swift' (with changed accent, cf. raxbs); rjus 'straight' (Avest. arazus); grhis 'begging' (cf. Lith. grabz~s 'light-fingered'); vidihis 'solitary' (cf. Lith. viduis 'inner part');