To point out the seemingly fractured, irridescent, opal-like multiplicity of Nietzsche's mind is to emphasize the obvious. Yet such emphasis is useful to counteract the tendency to identify Nietzsche too readily with specific positions or isms. Nietzsche the Romantic is refuted, it appears, by the anti-Romantic protagonist of a new Enlightenment. Nietzsche the "irrationalist" is refuted by his own rational skepticism. The positions of the metaphysician Nietzsche are reversed by his "neo-positivistic" critique of metaphysical assumptions (notably in terms of static fallacies inherent in language). The polemicist against optimistic illusions of Socratism is undone by proclamations of a Socratic scientism; and the moralist by an amoralist turning immoralist turning moralist. Indeed, how could this be otherwise, since so widely divergent movements, authors, thinkers derive from Nietzsche or appear to be anticipated by him in some essential respect? The range of illustrations in support of this consideration is formidable. It includes, to give but a few examples, a biologistic Naturalism in terms of eugenics; the relativistic "As If" of Vaihinger or of literary Impressionism; Freudian psychoanalysis; Adlerian Individualpsychologie; the amoral aestheticism and the vitalism of Jugendstil; George's classicistic cult; Rilke's religion of the earth; ideologists of a teutonic Wilhelminian type of imperialism like Houston Stewart Chamberlain; prophets of the decline of the West like Spengler; the pervasive ambivalence of Thomas Mann; Hesse's schizophrenic protagonists on their quasi-Eastern journey toward self-integration; the ecstatic nihilists and utopians of German Expressionism; the aesthetic nihilism of the later Benn; Fascist type elitists such as the earlier Jiinger; but also Vulgdrfaschisten, racists, power-worshipping Nazis (who claimed Nietzsche as their apostle and property); Existentialists; some notable representatives of a somewhat liberal American academic mind (like Walter Kaufmann); latter-day French, still grateful, it seems, for emancipation from traditional rules, still enjoying a sense of the infinite interpretability of things and texts, and the reduction of all human concerns to nihilistic language games.