A revolution in Canadian foreign policy took place from 1948 to 1951. 1 was privileged to be one of the makers of the revolution. I was Lester Pearson's senior adviser in the Department of External Affairs for most of the time on most of the issues. That revolution established new priorities in Canadian foreign policy. It brought Canadian foreign policy up to date. By bringing its foreign policy up to date Canada helped bring the foreign policies of other countries up to date including that of the United States. This is what we did. We were faced with the advance of Soviet power in Europe and the threat of further advances, not by military attack but as a result of the despair, apathy, doubt, and fear in Western Europe, and the widespread belief that Soviet totalitarianism was the wave of the future. Under the leadership of Louis St. Laurent, Lester Pearson, and Brooke Claxton Canada led a crusade for the North Atlantic Treaty. For the first time in our history we did these things in peacetime : we entered a military alliance; we maintained large defence forces; we stationed armed forces abroad. And, as the result of the Colombo Plan, we for the first time in our history contributed out of our taxes to the economic development of poor countries. Twenty years after that revolution it is time for another revolution in Canadian foreign policy. It is time for the establishment of new priorities. It is time for crusading leadership by the government of Canada. The two most important tasks in world affairs in the 1970s and 1980s are first to narrow the dangerously wide gap between China and the rest of the world and secondly to speed up the dangerously slow rate of economic and social growth of the hungry three-fifths of the world. Unless the world makes considerable progress in the next ten years in dealing with these two tasks, the