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Anatolian Studies
Article . 1986 . Peer-reviewed
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Analyses of İkiztepe Metal Artifacts

Authors: Şeref Kunç;

Analyses of İkiztepe Metal Artifacts

Abstract

Only a few investigations on the composition of Anatolian copper and copper alloys have been carried out. Esin (1967) published analyses of 750 copper artifacts excavated from different Anatolian prehistoric sites and found that 600 of them were made of copper alloys containing deliberate quantities (i.e. more than 1%) of arsenic, lead or tin. Of these, 50% contain As between 1–6%, 25% As 1–3% and Sn 1–10% together, 20% Sn only (2–10%) and the remaining 5% Pb and/or Sn, As. The results of these analyses show that prehistoric Anatolian artifacts which are made of copper alloys have closely similar composition to Egyptian (Hedges, 1979) and Greek (Craddock, 1977) ones or at least their production technology appears to be the same. It is well known that As was added to copper around the third millennium B.C. by prehistoric metallurgists and Sn by the second millennium B.C.The metal objects whose analyses are reported below were all found in the İkiztepe excavation during 1978 and 1979 (Alkım, 1979). İkiztepe was located on the shore of the Black Sea and Kızılırmak (Red River) during the prehistoric ages, though today it is 60 km. away from the Black Sea. It was the largest occupation site around Samsun and consisted of four different natural hüyüks. Two hüyüks numbered İkiztepe I and II have been excavated to date.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
4
Average
Top 10%
Average
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