This paper estimates a three-equation model of the Australian labor market, for employment, real wages, and the participation rate. It uses the model to study the role of incomes policies in containing real wage growth and the reasons behind the changes in unemployment since 1970. It finds that incomes policies have not been important in controlling real wages; the rise in unemployment in the 1970s was due to the rise in tax rates and unemployment benefits; and the changes in unemployment in the 1980s were connected with changes in investment and aggregate demand. Copyright 1991 by The London School of Economics and Political Science.