Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Evolutionarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Evolution
Article . 1970 . Peer-reviewed
License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
Data sources: Crossref
Evolution
Article . 1970 . Peer-reviewed
Data sources: Crossref
versions View all 3 versions
addClaim

Developmental Instability in Species and Hybrids of Liatris

Authors: Donald A, Levin;

Developmental Instability in Species and Hybrids of Liatris

Abstract

The genome may be viewed as a harmoniously coadapted and integrated gene ensemble which mediates a broad and complex array of developmental processes whose successful completion is essential for viability, vigor, and fertility. The genomes of related species, while possessing these attributes, differ in their genetic constitution and in the type of epistatic interactions which confer maximal fitness. Consequently, these genomes may not be capable of interacting in a harmonious fashion, when joined in an interspecific hybrid. Genome incompatibility in hybrids may be based upon negative interactions between parental genes and chromosomes, embryo and surrounding tissues, genes and cytoplasm, and plastids and cytoplasm, and will be expressed in the form of hybrid inviability, weakness, and sterility (cf. Stebbins, 1958; Grant, 1963). The antagonisms which are manifested prior to germination or during reproduction have been critically analyzed in numerous plant genera. On the other hand, relatively little is known of the antagonisms which underlie the development of the plant body. The development of any expression is to some extent resistant to modification by fluctuations in the external or internal environment (Waddington, 1961). This resistance or buffering is conferred by regulatory interactions during morphogenesis which are mediated by complex feed-back mechanisms. When these interactions are interrupted or disrupted by stress generated by the external environment or the genotype, development deviates from the prescribed geometry, and intragenotypic variability in repeating or paired structures ensues. Interspecific hybrids by virtue of the lack of coadaptation of their genomes may be expected to experience developmental instability to a greater extent than their parents when exposed to the same environmental regimes. Such has been observed in hybrids of Antirrhinum (Lotsy, 1916; Stubbe, 1959, 1963), Aesculus (Hardin, 1957), Geum (Gajewski, 1953), Digitalis (Schwanitz, 1957), Lycopersicon (Rick and Smith, 1953; Tal, 1967), Gilia (Grant, 1956), Layia x Madia (Clausen, 1958), Phyllanthus (Webster, 1959), Baptisia (Alston, 1965), Linanthus (Huether, 1966), Phlox (Levin and Levy, 1970) and many genera of ferns (Wagner, 1962). The present study was undertaken with the hope of demonstrating the effect of hybridity on developmental stability. Three species of Liatris (L. aspera Michx., L. cylindracea Michx., and L. spicata Willd.) and their natural hybrids were chosen as experimental material because hybrids were abundant, and the species are distantly related (Gaiser, 1946). Furthermore, there is a good deal of information on the genetic and ecologic structure of the population which the hybrids and species comprised (Hadley and Levin, 1967; Levin, 1968, 1969). For a comparison of the salient morphological attributes of the species and hybrids the reader is referred to the aforementioned papers. Suffice it to say that the hybrids are quite distinctive and vigorous.

Related Organizations
  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    17
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Top 10%
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
17
Average
Top 10%
Average
Upload OA version
Are you the author of this publication? Upload your Open Access version to Zenodo!
It’s fast and easy, just two clicks!