The family Drosophilidae in Hawaii comprises over 500 species; all but 17 are endemic. A majority of species fall into two genera, Drosophila Fallen (324 species, 3 subgenera) and Scaptomyza Hardy (121 species, 7 subgenera). The remainder have been placed in endemic genera which are quite clearly either Drosophila-like (drosophiloid) or Scaptomyza-like (scaptomyzoid). Some species seem to combine certain characters of the two genera; this conclusion is based on internal anatomy, external morphology and behavior. Structural peculiarities are extraordinarily diverse, particularly in males. Characters include protruding eyes, modified mouthparts, and elaborate foretarsi, including bristle-like, spoon-like or forked adornments. Some species of Drosophila have extremely large body sizes.