Preface Introduction: 1917: Revolution and historical alternatives Jonathan Frankel Part I. Political Power and Mass Action: 1. Soviets as agents of democratization Israel Getzler 2. Political power in the Russian Revolution: a case study of Saratov Donald J. Raleigh 3. The Red Guards, spontaneity, and the October Revolution Rex A. Wade 4. Officers of the General Staff and the Kornilov Movement Allan Wildman Part II. Peasants, Workers and Bourgoisie: 5. The peasantry in the Revolution of 1917 John Channon 6. Perceptions and realities of labor protest, March to October 1917 Diane Koenker and William Rosenberg 7. October in the Ivanovo-Kineshma industrial region David Mandel 8. Commercial-industrial circles in revolution: the failure of 'industrial progressivism' Ziva Galiliy Garcia Part III. Nationalities: 9. Nationalism and class as factors in the Revolution of 1917 Ronald G. Suny 10. Georgian social democracy in 1917 Stephen F. Jones 11. The ethnic Germans in the Russian Revolution Ingeborg Fleischhauer Part IV. Leninism and the Making of October: 12. Lenin, socialism and the state in 1917 Neil Harding 13. Bolsheviks on political campaign in 1917: a case study of the war question Robert Service 14. Lenin's time budget: the Smolny period John Keep Part V. 1917 in Retrospect: Historiography and Theory: 15. Problem of spontaneity and leadership in the Russian Revolution of February 1917 D. A. Longley 16. The libertarians vindicated? the libertarian view of the Revolution in the light of recent western research Edward Acton 17. Russian Marxism: theory, action and outcome Baruch Knei-Paz.