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Econometrica
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Econometrica
Article . 1987 . Peer-reviewed
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Equilibrium in Hotelling's Model of Spatial Competition

Equilibrium in Hotelling's model of spatial competition
Authors: Martin J Osborne; Carolyn Pitchik;

Equilibrium in Hotelling's Model of Spatial Competition

Abstract

In Hotelling's two-stage model of spatial competition, two firms simultaneously choose locations in the unit interval, then simultaneously choose prices. Under Hotelling's assumptions (uniform distribution of consumers, travel cost proportional to distance, inelastic demand of one unit by each consumer), it is known that the price-setting subgames posses equilibria in pure strategies for only a limited set of location pairs, so that the two-stage game has no equilibrium in pure strategies. This paper shows that, for a subset of location pairs, all equilibria of the second stage of the game in which the players use mixed strategies are of a certain type. For a large finite number of location pairs, computational methods are used to find approximate equilibria of this type. The approximate second-stage equilibria are used to compute an approximate equilibrium of the whole game. In this equilibrium, the firms locate just inside the quartile of the market; they randomize over prices, giving most weight to a relatively high price.

Keywords

spatial competition, Trade models, approximate equilibria, Hotelling's two-stage model, Applications of game theory, product differentiation, mixed strategies, Microeconomic theory (price theory and economic markets)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
153
Top 10%
Top 1%
Average
bronze