IGNAZ MAYBAUM in his book The Face of God after Auschwitz (Polak en Van Gennep, Amsterdam I965) has shown that we cannot study theology anymore without trying to realise what happened in what he called the third "churban", the monstruosity of killing six millions of Jews and so many other people. Therefore in this article we will bear in mind the tragic conflict between Christians and Jews in the twentieth century, and from this memory we will take a retrospective and creative view on the origin of the messianic movement at the beginning of our era. The present author chooses Luke's attitude towards Israel, especially in his gospel. Luke writing his gospel after 70 C.E. must have seen that the larger part of the Jews could not and would not accept the messianic movement which would uproot the existence of Israel, in a very time that this existence was menaced from outside by the Roman Empire. This schism between Israel and the messianic movement was not yet so clearly visible during Paul's life.