Within the Federal District manufacturing is the principal occupation of the people; in fact, it is nearly twice as important as any other single occupation. The first industrial census of the Republic was taken in 1930, and it shows that of the 463,323 persons who were gainfully employed, 27 per cent were engaged in mnanufacturing. The Federal District is an urban agglomeration with a population of over 1,200,000 people, and it is to be expected that trade and various kinds of domestic service provide employment for many people. It is rather surprising to note, however, that agriculture within the District employs nearly as many people as the national government. Table I reveals the importance of a variety of occupations and, above all, the leadership of manufacturing.