Dysphagia and aspiration are important problems among the elderly population, particularly in neurological patients and patients with cancers of the oropharingeal area or laryngs. Early detection and rehabilitation are crucial because adequate management can reduce morbidity and complications like aspiration pneumonia, dehidratation and malnutrition. We overviewed rehabilitation procedures including nutritional management, postures, maneuvers, exercises and stimulation techniques and their efficacy in treatment of patients with dysphagias.